Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern i\u015fletmecilik y\u00f6ntemlerinin bilinmedi\u011fi, buhar, elektrik gibi kolayl\u0131klar\u0131n hen\u00fcz ke\u015ffedilmedi\u011fi eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri, tuzun \u00fcretildi\u011fi bir ger\u00e7ektir. Eski insanlar bol ve ucuz tuz elde etmek i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn zeka ve becerilerini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Tuzlu suyu yanan bir ate\u015fin \u00fczerine serperek k\u00fclle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k siyah bir tuz almak, tuzlu suyu 7\/8 mm \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki ipler \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7irerek kristalle\u015fen tuzlar\u0131 toplamak, bir ate\u015fin \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f oluk \u015feklindeki tu\u011flalardan salamuray\u0131 ince bir sat\u0131h halinde ge\u00e7irmek yoluyla tuz elde etmek, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluktaki kaynak sular\u0131n\u0131n tuz i\u00e7eri\u011fini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131 r\u00fczgara kar\u015f\u0131 kademeli tahta, \u00e7al\u0131 veya sazlardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e\u011fimli \u00e7itler \u00fczerinden ak\u0131tmak gibi ilkel b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015fvurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada tuz \u00fcretimi, belli ba\u015fl\u0131 iki ana kaynaktan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (Ergin, 1988):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Do\u011fal tuzlu sular<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Kaya tuzlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde uygulanan tuz \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri, tuz kayna\u011f\u0131na, iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na, do\u011faya ve ekonomik ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6sterirler. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da genelde uygulanan tuz \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri \u015fematik olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Yukar\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi tuz \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri, \u00fcretim kaynaklar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak iki ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplanabilir. Bunlardan biri do\u011fal tuzlu sulara uygulanan buharla\u015ft\u0131rma (evaporasyon) y\u00f6ntemi, di\u011feri ise kaya tuzlar\u0131na uygulanan klasik madencilik y\u00f6ntemleridir (Ergin, 1988).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Deniz, g\u00f6l ve di\u011fer do\u011fal tuzlu (kaynaklar\u0131n) sular\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f alt\u0131nda buharla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu tuzun kristalle\u015fmesi esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in tuzlu suyun buharla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in o b\u00f6lgenin iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n uygun olmas\u0131 gerekir. Do\u011fada tuzlu sular; deniz, tuzlu g\u00f6l, tuzlu su kaynaklar\u0131ndan olu\u015fur (Ergin, 1988).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yerkabu\u011fu i\u00e7erisinde birikmi\u015f tuz yataklar\u0131ndan \u00fcretim baz\u0131 klasik madencilik y\u00f6ntemleriyle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemler iki ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplanabilir. Bunlardan biri yeralt\u0131na inilerek tuzu yer\u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in uygulanan oda topuk y\u00f6ntemidir. Di\u011feri ise yeri ve hacmi kesinlikle belirlenen tuz yataklar\u0131na tatl\u0131 su enjekte edilerek, suda eriyen tuzun yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 olan \u00e7\u00f6zelti madencili\u011fi (Suda Eritme) y\u00f6ntemidir. G\u0131da sanayiinde t\u00fcketilen tuzun, toplam t\u00fcketimin ancak % <\/em>7 sini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu sanayi dal\u0131nda t\u00fcketilen ham tuz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen esas iki y\u00f6ntemle i\u015flenerek mutfak ve sofra tuzu olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. (Ergin, 1988).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu y\u00f6ntemler (Ergin, 1988):<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. \u00d6\u011f\u00fctme-y\u0131kama-kurutma y\u00f6ntemiyle tuz \u00fcretimi<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Rafine tuz \u00fcretimi<\/p>\n\n\n\n a) A\u00e7\u0131k KaplardaBuharla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n\n\n\n b) Rekristalizasyon y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ergin, Z. (1988). Tuzun \u00dcretim teknolojisi ve \u0130nsan Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Yeri. Madencilik Dergisi<\/em>, XXVII (1)9-30.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern i\u015fletmecilik y\u00f6ntemlerinin bilinmedi\u011fi, buhar, elektrik gibi kolayl\u0131klar\u0131n hen\u00fcz ke\u015ffedilmedi\u011fi eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri, tuzun \u00fcretildi\u011fi bir ger\u00e7ektir. Eski insanlar bol ve ucuz tuz elde etmek i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn zeka ve becerilerini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Tuzlu suyu yanan bir ate\u015fin \u00fczerine serperek k\u00fclle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k siyah bir tuz almak, tuzlu suyu 7\/8 mm \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki ipler \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7irerek kristalle\u015fen tuzlar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2830,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/62092795_620x410.jpg",620,410,false],"list":["https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/62092795_620x410-463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/62092795_620x410-300x198.jpg",300,198,true],"full":["https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/62092795_620x410.jpg",620,410,false]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2829","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2829"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2829\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2831,"href":"https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2829\/revisions\/2831"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2829"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2829"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eftagrup.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2829"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}